Automated laying is a fire‑control capability that uses sensors and a computer to automatically set a towed artillery or mortar’s elevation and azimuth to the calculated firing solution.

A device on the gun barrel that uses high-pressure gas to expel propellant fumes before the breech opens, preventing them from entering the crew compartment.

A digital fire-control system employs computational algorithms to calculate and adjust artillery fire parameters, enhancing accuracy and efficiency in towed systems.

High Explosive (HE) round: an artillery or mortar projectile containing explosive filler designed to inflict damage through blast and fragmentation effects.

Recoil system using a combination of liquid and compressed gas to absorb and return energy from firing.

Inertial navigation is a self-contained system that determines a vehicle’s position, orientation, and velocity by integrating data from accelerometers and gyroscopes, without external signals.

A device attached to a firearm's muzzle to redirect propellant gases, reducing recoil and muzzle rise during firing.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for crew and occupants.

An armored crew compartment on towed artillery or mortar systems designed to protect operators from small arms fire, shrapnel, and blast effects during operation.

Artillery system with integrated propulsion, enabling movement under its own power rather than being towed.

A breech mechanism in artillery where a solid block slides horizontally to open and close the breech for loading.

Smoke grenades are pyrotechnic devices deployed by infantry fighting vehicles to create a visual screen, obscuring movement or positions from enemy observation or targeting.