The initial propulsion phase where a high-thrust motor accelerates the missile to operational velocity.

Guidance system combining inertial navigation (self-contained motion tracking) with GPS (satellite-based positioning) for precise trajectory correction in ballistic missiles.

A guidance method that uses inertial navigation sensors together with satellite‑based GPS signals to determine a missile’s position and steer it toward a target.

Launched from naval platforms, such as ships or submarines.

Sea‑skimming is a low‑altitude flight profile in which a missile or projectile flies close to the sea surface to minimize radar detection and increase survivability.