Automated laying is a fire‑control capability that uses sensors and a computer to automatically set a towed artillery or mortar’s elevation and azimuth to the calculated firing solution.

High Explosive (HE) round: an artillery or mortar projectile containing explosive filler designed to inflict damage through blast and fragmentation effects.

Recoil system using a combination of liquid and compressed gas to absorb and return energy from firing.

Radar system measuring projectile velocity at muzzle exit.

An armored crew compartment on towed artillery or mortar systems designed to protect operators from small arms fire, shrapnel, and blast effects during operation.

Artillery system with integrated propulsion, enabling movement under its own power rather than being towed.

Artillery tactic where a firing unit rapidly deploys, fires, and relocates to avoid counter-battery fire.

Smoke grenades are pyrotechnic devices deployed by infantry fighting vehicles to create a visual screen, obscuring movement or positions from enemy observation or targeting.