Automated laying is a fire‑control capability that uses sensors and a computer to automatically set a towed artillery or mortar’s elevation and azimuth to the calculated firing solution.

A digital fire-control system employs computational algorithms to calculate and adjust artillery fire parameters, enhancing accuracy and efficiency in towed systems.

High Explosive (HE) round: an artillery or mortar projectile containing explosive filler designed to inflict damage through blast and fragmentation effects.

Inertial navigation is a self-contained system that determines a vehicle’s position, orientation, and velocity by integrating data from accelerometers and gyroscopes, without external signals.

Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact: artillery tactic where multiple rounds from the same or different howitzers land on target within seconds.

Radar system measuring projectile velocity at muzzle exit.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for crew and occupants.

Artillery or mortar munition equipped with guidance systems to alter its trajectory after firing for increased accuracy.

An armored crew compartment on towed artillery or mortar systems designed to protect operators from small arms fire, shrapnel, and blast effects during operation.

Artillery system with integrated propulsion, enabling movement under its own power rather than being towed.

Artillery tactic where a firing unit rapidly deploys, fires, and relocates to avoid counter-battery fire.