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Kh-31
Photo: Boevaya mashina · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Kh-31

Anti-Radiation Missiles (ARM) · Russia · 1988
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Kh-31

Kh-31
Kh-31 Photo: Boevaya mashina · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Range
55
Seeker Sensitivity
45
Memorization Capability
30
Speed
85
Lethality
70
Frequency Coverage
40
Counter-Measure Resistance
55
Reliability
65
Technology
70
Cost-Effectiveness
60
Origin Russia
ManufacturerTactical Missiles Corporation
CategoryAnti-Radiation Missiles (ARM)
EraCold War
In service1988
Operators14 countries
Data Quality87%
54
Anti-Radiation Missiles (ARM) MASS Rating
12/14
Cold War
15/19
All-Time
Anti-Radiation Missiles (ARM) · 10 axes scored
Range
55
Seeker Sensitivity
45
Memorization Capability
30
Speed
85
Lethality
70
Frequency Coverage
40
Counter-Measure Resistance
55
Reliability
65
Technology
70
Cost-Effectiveness
60
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the anti-radiation missiles (arm) category.
01 / Overview
Kh-31
Country
Production
1988–
Unit Price (current)
$812.0K↗ 48% inflation · 2010→2025
Original Price
$550.0K (2010)
Operators
Conflicts
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
ANTI-RADIATION MISSILES (ARM) · COLD WAR
12
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
87
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
$812.0K
Original: $550.0K (2010)
Inflation: +%48
54
anti-radiation missiles (arm) category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the anti-radiation missiles (arm) category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General7MOD.7
  • Missile Typeair-to-surface missile
  • Service Entry Year1988
  • DesignerZvezda-Strela (before 2002)
  • Length4.7 m
  • Diameter360 mm
  • Launch Weight600 kg
  • In ServiceYes
▣Propulsion5MOD.5
  • Propulsion Typeramjet
  • Motor Typesolid fuel rocket booster + ramjet sustainer
  • Boost StageYes
  • Two-StageYes
  • Fuel / PropellantKerosene
◇Performance8MOD.8
  • Minimum Range7.5 km
  • Maximum Range110 km
  • Top Speed4,200 m/s
  • Top Speed (Mach)3.5 Mach
  • Cruise Altitude48,000 m
  • Flight Profilehigh-altitude for ARM, sea-skimming for anti-ship
  • Maximum G15
  • HypersonicNo
◆Warhead5MOD.5
▤Launch Platform6MOD.6
⬢Production4MOD.4
  • Unit Cost550,000 USD
  • Operators15
  • Variants8
  • Production Start1,982 year
▲Warhead Detail3MOD.3
  • Detonation Mechanism / FuzeImpact
  • Explosive Filler Weight94 kg
  • Explosive Filler TypePenetrating, armor-piercing.(Kh-31A); HE shaped charge
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 1988Production started
  2. 1989First deployment: Georgian–Ossetian conflict
38
years in service
14
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it.
04 / Conflicts
KH-31 · CONFLICTS SERVED IN50% win·50% ongoing
Total Conflicts
2
Victories
1
Ongoing
1
Losses
0
ⓘ Shown only from conflicts recorded in our database.
05 / Operators
📖 TERMS ON THIS PAGE7terms
Capability of launching an anti-tank guided missile from an airborne platform, such as a helicopter or aircraft.
The initial propulsion phase where a high-thrust motor accelerates the missile to operational velocity.
Fire-and-forget refers to a missile guidance system where the missile guides itself to its target after launch, requiring no further input from the operator.
Guidance system combining inertial navigation (self-contained motion tracking) with GPS (satellite-based positioning) for precise trajectory correction in ballistic missiles.
A proximity fuze is a detonation mechanism in ATGMs that triggers when the missile approaches within a set distance of a target, using sensors like radar or laser to detect proximity.
Sea‑skimming is a low‑altitude flight profile in which a missile or projectile flies close to the sea surface to minimize radar detection and increase survivability.
A two-stage ATGM propulsion system where a booster stage initially accelerates the missile before a sustainer stage maintains flight velocity.
These terms are listed automatically because they appear on this page.full encyclopedia →
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Anti-Radiation Missiles (ARM) entry →