Active Protection System. A defensive system that detects and intercepts anti-tank threats.

A vehicle-mounted night vision system enabling drivers of infantry fighting vehicles to navigate and operate in low-light conditions.

Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA): Modular armor system that detonates upon impact to disrupt incoming warheads, reducing penetration of shaped charges and kinetic energy projectiles.

Protection systems in IFVs designed to mitigate damage from landmines and improvised explosive devices, including armored hulls, blast-resistant seats, and counter-IED electronics.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for crew and occupants.

A Remote Weapon Station is a weapon mount controlled from within an armored vehicle, allowing operation without exposing the operator to direct fire.

Smoke grenades are pyrotechnic devices deployed by infantry fighting vehicles to create a visual screen, obscuring movement or positions from enemy observation or targeting.

A spall liner is an interior armor layer in armored vehicles, such as IFVs, designed to catch or reduce high‑velocity fragments (spall) generated when the vehicle's outer armor is penetrated.