A Battle Management System (BMS) is a command‑and‑control software suite that gathers, processes, and shares battlefield data to provide situational awareness and coordinate the actions of military units.

Optical device that uses laser pulses to measure the distance to a target with high precision.

Protection systems in IFVs designed to mitigate damage from landmines and improvised explosive devices, including armored hulls, blast-resistant seats, and counter-IED electronics.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for crew and occupants.

Smoke grenades are pyrotechnic devices deployed by infantry fighting vehicles to create a visual screen, obscuring movement or positions from enemy observation or targeting.

A firearm or automatic weapon mounted on a vehicle and equipped with a gyroscopic or hydraulic system to reduce recoil and maintain aim during movement.

Thermal sights are infrared imaging devices that detect heat signatures to provide a visual display for target detection and navigation in low‑visibility conditions.