A bolt action is a type of firearm action that requires the user to manually cycle the bolt to load and eject cartridges. It is uncommon in pistols.

A firearm feed system where ammunition is stored in a separate container (magazine) that can be removed and replaced, enabling rapid reloading.

Integral bipod: a permanently attached, built‑in bipod that provides a two‑point support for a firearm, allowing it to be rested on a surface without separate accessories.

A mounting system for attaching optical sights to rifles.

A pistol barrel with external helical grooves allowing the attachment of a suppressor or other muzzle devices.