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Umkhonto
Photo: Flash 285 · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0
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Umkhonto

Medium-Range SAM · South Africa · 2005
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Umkhonto

Umkhonto
Umkhonto Photo: Flash 285 · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Range
65
Altitude Coverage
60
Radar & Tracking
70
Engagement Capacity
55
Reaction Time
75
Mobility
80
ECCM
70
Multi-Target Capability
50
Technology
80
Cost-Effectiveness
75
Origin South Africa
ManufacturerDenel Dynamics
CategoryMedium-Range SAM
EraPost-Cold War
In service2005
Operators3 countries
Data Quality84%
MASS(Military Archive Scoring System)
66
Medium-Range SAM MASS Rating
8/17
Post-Cold War
31/123
All-Time
Medium-Range SAM · 10 axes scored
Range
65
Altitude Coverage
60
Radar & Tracking
70
Engagement Capacity
55
Reaction Time
75
Mobility
80
ECCM
70
Multi-Target Capability
50
Technology
80
Cost-Effectiveness
75
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the medium-range sam category.
01 / Overview
Umkhonto
Prime contractor
Production
2005–
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MEDIUM-RANGE SAM · POST-COLD WAR
8
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
80
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
66
medium-range sam category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the medium-range sam category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General4MOD.4
  • System TypeShort to medium range surface-to-air missile
  • Service Entry Year2001
  • Engagement Layer (SHORAD/Med/Long)point and limited local air defence
  • In ServiceYes
◈Effector / Missile4MOD.4
  • Maximum Range35 km
  • Maximum Altitude15,000 m
  • Missile Speed (Mach)2 Mach
  • Warhead Type23 kg proximity fuse
▣Guidance4MOD.4
◇Radar & Sensors3MOD.3
  • Search Radar3D target acquisition radar
  • Tracking Radar3D target acquisition radar
  • 360° CoverageYes
◆Mobility & Deployment1MOD.1
  • PlatformNaval vertical launch system, ground-based launcher
▤Production2MOD.2
  • Operators3
  • Variants3
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 2005Production started
21
years in service
3
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it.
04 / Operators
📖 TERMS ON THIS PAGE4terms
Omni-directional protection provided by a missile system, enabling targets to be engaged from any angle.
Capability of a Man-Portable Air-Defense System (MANPADS) to operate effectively in adverse weather conditions, including rain, fog, or low visibility.
A missile guidance method where the projectile is directed by real-time commands from an external control source, such as an operator or tracking system, to intercept a target.
Fire-and-forget refers to a missile guidance system where the missile guides itself to its target after launch, requiring no further input from the operator.
These terms are listed automatically because they appear on this page.full encyclopedia →
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Medium-Range SAM entry →