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9M311

Medium-Range SAM · Russia · 1981
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9M311

* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Range
40
Altitude Coverage
50
Radar & Tracking
55
Engagement Capacity
60
Reaction Time
70
Mobility
75
ECCM
65
Multi-Target Capability
45
Technology
60
Cost-Effectiveness
85
Origin Russia
CategoryMedium-Range SAM
EraCold War
In service1981
Operators18 countries
Data Quality87%
MASS(Military Archive Scoring System)
57
Medium-Range SAM MASS Rating
7/22
Cold War
52/123
All-Time
Medium-Range SAM · 10 axes scored
Range
40
Altitude Coverage
50
Radar & Tracking
55
Engagement Capacity
60
Reaction Time
70
Mobility
75
ECCM
65
Multi-Target Capability
45
Technology
60
Cost-Effectiveness
85
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the medium-range sam category.
01 / Overview
9M311
Country
Production
1981–
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MEDIUM-RANGE SAM · COLD WAR
7
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
88
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
57
medium-range sam category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the medium-range sam category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General6MOD.6
  • System Typetowed anti-aircraft gun/missile system
  • Service Entry Year1981
  • Engagement Layer (SHORAD/Med/Long)short to medium range
  • MobileYes
  • Crew3
  • In ServiceYes
◈Effector / Missile8MOD.8
  • Missile / Effector9M311
  • Ready Missiles4
  • Maximum Range8 km
  • Minimum Range0.5 km
  • Maximum Altitude3,500 m
  • Minimum Altitude25 m
  • Missile Speed (Mach)2.6 Mach
  • Warhead TypeHE-Frag with contact/proximity fuse
▣Guidance6MOD.6
◇Radar & Sensors7MOD.7
◆Gun (if applicable)4MOD.4
  • Gun-ArmedYes
  • Gun Calibre30 mm
  • Gun Rate of Fire500
  • Gun Range4 km
▤Mobility & Deployment4MOD.4
  • Platform9K35 Strela-10 tracked vehicle
  • Reaction Time5
  • Emplacement Time5
  • AmphibiousNo
⬢Production1MOD.1
  • Variants2
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 1981Production started
45
years in service
13
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it. 5 countries retired it.
04 / Operators
📖 TERMS ON THIS PAGE7terms
Omni-directional protection provided by a missile system, enabling targets to be engaged from any angle.
Capability of a Man-Portable Air-Defense System (MANPADS) to operate effectively in adverse weather conditions, including rain, fog, or low visibility.
An autocannon is a rapid-fire automatic cannon, typically 20mm or larger, used as a gun-based kill mechanism on air-defense and counter-drone systems alongside or instead of guided missiles.
A missile guidance method where the projectile is directed by real-time commands from an external control source, such as an operator or tracking system, to intercept a target.
Fire-and-forget refers to a missile guidance system where the missile guides itself to its target after launch, requiring no further input from the operator.
Mobile: a capability indicating the MANPADS can be transported and operated by a single soldier or small team, enabling rapid deployment and relocation.
These terms are listed automatically because they appear on this page.full encyclopedia →
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Medium-Range SAM entry →