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9K31 Strela-1
Photo: unknown, Released to public · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
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9K31Strela-1

Medium-Range SAM · Russia · 1968
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9K31Strela-1

9K31 Strela-1
9K31 Strela-1 Photo: unknown, Released to public · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Range
30
Altitude Coverage
35
Radar & Tracking
25
Engagement Capacity
20
Reaction Time
45
Mobility
70
ECCM
15
Multi-Target Capability
20
Technology
30
Cost-Effectiveness
55
Origin Russia
CategoryMedium-Range SAM
EraCold War
In service1968
Operators31 countries
Quantity31
Data Quality87%
MASS(Military Archive Scoring System)
31
Medium-Range SAM MASS Rating
21/22
Cold War
110/123
All-Time
Medium-Range SAM · 10 axes scored
Range
30
Altitude Coverage
35
Radar & Tracking
25
Engagement Capacity
20
Reaction Time
45
Mobility
70
ECCM
15
Multi-Target Capability
20
Technology
30
Cost-Effectiveness
55
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the medium-range sam category.
01 / Overview
9K31 Strela-1
Country
Production
1968–
Quantity
31
Operators
Conflicts
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MEDIUM-RANGE SAM · COLD WAR
21
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
78
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
31
medium-range sam category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the medium-range sam category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General6MOD.6
  • System TypeVehicle-mounted SAM system
  • Service Entry Year1968
  • Engagement Layer (SHORAD/Med/Long)Short-range
  • MobileYes
  • Crew3
  • In ServiceYes
◈Effector / Missile8MOD.8
  • Missile / Effector9M31 (or 9M31M)
  • Ready Missiles4
  • Maximum Range6.5 km
  • Minimum Range0.8 km
  • Maximum Altitude4,200 m
  • Minimum Altitude0.9 m
  • Missile Speed (Mach)2.2 Mach
  • Warhead TypeHigh-explosive fragmentation with proximity fuze
▣Guidance6MOD.6
◇Radar & Sensors7MOD.7
◆Gun (if applicable)4MOD.4
  • Gun-ArmedNo
  • Gun Calibre0 mm
  • Gun Rate of Fire0
  • Gun Range0 km
▤Mobility & Deployment4MOD.4
  • PlatformBRDM-2 amphibious vehicle
  • Reaction Time5
  • Emplacement Time5
  • AmphibiousYes
⬢Production3MOD.3
  • Total Production430
  • Operators18
  • Variants9
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 1945First deployment: Cold War
  2. 1968Production started
58
years in service
31
units produced
23
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it. 8 countries retired it.
04 / Conflicts
9K31 STRELA-1 · CONFLICTS SERVED IN33% win·33% loss
Total Conflicts
3
Victories
1
Ongoing
0
Losses
1
ⓘ Shown only from conflicts recorded in our database.
05 / Variants
▚ WEAPON FAMILY
9K31 Strela-1 1968
// DERIVATIVES
06 / Operators
📖 TERMS ON THIS PAGE5terms
Omni-directional protection provided by a missile system, enabling targets to be engaged from any angle.
Fire-and-forget refers to a missile guidance system where the missile guides itself to its target after launch, requiring no further input from the operator.
Mobile: a capability indicating the MANPADS can be transported and operated by a single soldier or small team, enabling rapid deployment and relocation.
These terms are listed automatically because they appear on this page.full encyclopedia →
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Medium-Range SAM entry →