Automated laying is a fire‑control capability that uses sensors and a computer to automatically set a towed artillery or mortar’s elevation and azimuth to the calculated firing solution.

High Explosive (HE) round: an artillery or mortar projectile containing explosive filler designed to inflict damage through blast and fragmentation effects.

Recoil system using a combination of liquid and compressed gas to absorb and return energy from firing.

A breech mechanism in artillery where a solid block slides horizontally to open and close the breech for loading.

Smoke grenades are pyrotechnic devices deployed by infantry fighting vehicles to create a visual screen, obscuring movement or positions from enemy observation or targeting.

A towed artillery carriage configuration where the gun is transported with its two wheels separated, allowing for easier deployment and lower profile when in firing position.