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Proton
Photo: NASA · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
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Proton

Military Space Launch Vehicles · Russia · 1965
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Proton

⚙ UR-500 variant
Proton
Proton Photo: NASA · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Payload Capacity
75
Reliability
80
Cost-Efficiency
60
Responsiveness / Cadence
40
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
70
Precision
65
Technology
70
Strategic Value
85
Human-Rating
50
Origin Russia
CategoryMilitary Space Launch Vehicles
EraCold War
In service1965
Operators1 countries
Data Quality83%
62
Military Space Launch Vehicles MASS Rating
7/96
Cold War
30/296
All-Time
Military Space Launch Vehicles · 10 axes scored
Payload Capacity
75
Reliability
80
Cost-Efficiency
60
Responsiveness / Cadence
40
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
70
Precision
65
Technology
70
Strategic Value
85
Human-Rating
50
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the military space launch vehicles category.
01 / Overview
Proton
Country
Production
1965–
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MILITARY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES · COLD WAR
7
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
65
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
62
military space launch vehicles category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the military space launch vehicles category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General5MOD.5
  • Vehicle Typeexpendable launch system
  • First Flight1965
  • Stages3
  • StatusOperational
  • In ServiceYes
◈Performance7MOD.7
  • Payload to LEO23,000 kg
  • Payload to GTO6,920 kg
  • Liftoff Thrust10,532
  • Liftoff Mass705 t
  • Height53 m
  • Diameter7.4 m
  • Success Rate105
▣Propulsion5MOD.5
◇Cost1MOD.1
  • Cost per Launch65,000,000 USD
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 1965Production started
61
years in service
1
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it.
04 / Variants
▚ WEAPON FAMILY
Proton 1965
// DERIVATIVES
Proton-K 1967
Proton-M 2001
05 / Operators
Operator Countries1country
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Military Space Launch Vehicles entry →