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Soyuz
Photo: Bill Ingalls · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
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Soyuz

Military Space Launch Vehicles · Russia · 1966
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Soyuz

Soyuz
Soyuz Photo: Bill Ingalls · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Payload Capacity
65
Reliability
80
Cost-Efficiency
75
Responsiveness / Cadence
50
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
70
Precision
60
Technology
55
Strategic Value
90
Human-Rating
85
Origin Russia
ManufacturerS.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center
CategoryMilitary Space Launch Vehicles
EraCold War
In service1966
Operators8 countries
Data Quality87%
63
Military Space Launch Vehicles MASS Rating
3/96
Cold War
23/296
All-Time
Military Space Launch Vehicles · 10 axes scored
Payload Capacity
65
Reliability
80
Cost-Efficiency
75
Responsiveness / Cadence
50
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
70
Precision
60
Technology
55
Strategic Value
90
Human-Rating
85
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the military space launch vehicles category.
01 / Overview
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MILITARY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES · COLD WAR
3
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
85
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
63
military space launch vehicles category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the military space launch vehicles category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General6MOD.6
  • Vehicle TypeMedium-lift launch vehicle
  • First Flight1966
  • ManufacturerRKT Progress
  • Stages3
  • StatusOperational
  • In ServiceYes
◈Performance8MOD.8
  • Payload to LEO6,900 kg
  • Payload to GTO1,350 kg
  • Payload to SSO2,100 kg
  • Liftoff Thrust8,700
  • Liftoff Mass313 t
  • Height45.3 m
  • Diameter2.95 m
  • Success Rate97.6
▣Propulsion5MOD.5
  • First-Stage PropellantRP-1 and liquid oxygen
  • First-Stage Engines4
  • ReusableNo
  • Human-RatedYes
  • Total Launches1,700
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANStill in Service
  1. 1966Production started
  2. 1967Entered service
60
years in service
3
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country still actively operates it. 5 countries retired it.
04 / Variants
▚ WEAPON FAMILY
Soyuz 1966
// DERIVATIVES
Soyuz-M 1971
Soyuz-U 1973
05 / Operators
Operator Inventory1country · 1units
1active
📖 TERMS ON THIS PAGE1terms
Capable of carrying human passengers, meeting safety and reliability standards for human spaceflight.
These terms are listed automatically because they appear on this page.full encyclopedia →
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Military Space Launch Vehicles entry →