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Sputnik 8A91
Photo: Anneman (Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad) · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
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Sputnik8A91

Military Space Launch Vehicles · Russia · 1953
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Sputnik8A91

⚙ R-7 Semyorka variant
Sputnik 8A91
Sputnik 8A91 Photo: Anneman (Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad) · Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Payload Capacity
10
Reliability
20
Cost-Efficiency
15
Responsiveness / Cadence
5
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
10
Precision
5
Technology
30
Strategic Value
25
Human-Rating
0
Origin Russia
ManufacturerNPO Energomash
CategoryMilitary Space Launch Vehicles
EraEarly Cold War
In service1953–1961
Operators1 countries
Data Quality84%
12
Military Space Launch Vehicles MASS Rating
49/53
Early Cold War
283/296
All-Time
Military Space Launch Vehicles · 10 axes scored
Payload Capacity
10
Reliability
20
Cost-Efficiency
15
Responsiveness / Cadence
5
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
10
Precision
5
Technology
30
Strategic Value
25
Human-Rating
0
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the military space launch vehicles category.
01 / Overview
Sputnik 8A91
Country
Prime contractor
Production
1953–1961
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MILITARY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES · EARLY COLD WAR
49
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
15
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
12
military space launch vehicles category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the military space launch vehicles category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General6MOD.6
  • Vehicle Typeorbital launch vehicle
  • First Flight1958
  • ManufacturerOKB-1
  • Stages2
  • StatusRetired
  • In ServiceNo
◈Performance5MOD.5
  • Payload to LEO1,327 kg
  • Liftoff Thrust3,992
  • Liftoff Mass267 t
  • Height34 m
  • Diameter2.95 m
▣Propulsion5MOD.5
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANRetired
  1. 1953Production started
  2. 1961Production ended
73
years in service
8
years in production
0
countries operating
ⓘ 1 countries retired it.
04 / Operators
Operator Countries1country
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Military Space Launch Vehicles entry →