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Photo: Landmensch · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Military Space Launch Vehicles · Russia · 1993
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⚙ RT-2PM Topol variant
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Start-1 Photo: Landmensch · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Payload Capacity
30
Reliability
40
Cost-Efficiency
55
Responsiveness / Cadence
20
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
35
Precision
45
Technology
40
Strategic Value
30
Human-Rating
0
Origin Russia
CategoryMilitary Space Launch Vehicles
EraPost-Cold War
In service1993–2006
Operators1 countries
Quantity7
Data Quality82%
30
Military Space Launch Vehicles MASS Rating
46/53
Post-Cold War
209/296
All-Time
Military Space Launch Vehicles · 10 axes scored
Payload Capacity
30
Reliability
40
Cost-Efficiency
55
Responsiveness / Cadence
20
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
35
Precision
45
Technology
40
Strategic Value
30
Human-Rating
0
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the military space launch vehicles category.
01 / Overview
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Country
Production
1993–2006
Quantity
7
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MILITARY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES · POST-COLD WAR
46
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
45
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
30
military space launch vehicles category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the military space launch vehicles category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General5MOD.5
  • Vehicle TypeSmall orbital launch vehicle
  • First Flight1993
  • ManufacturerMoscow Institute of Thermal Technology
  • Stages4
  • StatusRetired
◈Performance7MOD.7
  • Payload to LEO550 kg
  • Payload to SSO167 kg
  • Liftoff Thrust980
  • Liftoff Mass47.2 t
  • Height22.7 m
  • Diameter1.8 m
  • Success Rate6
▣Propulsion3MOD.3
  • First-Stage PropellantSolid
  • First-Stage Engines1
  • Total Launches7
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANRetired
  1. 1993Production started
  2. 2006Production ended
33
years in service
13
years in production
7
units produced
0
countries operating
ⓘ 1 countries retired it.
04 / Operators
Operator Countries1country
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Military Space Launch Vehicles entry →