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Vanguard

Military Space Launch Vehicles · United States · 1957
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Vanguard

Vanguard
Vanguard Photo: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
* Absolute score — assessed within category · no era adjustment
Payload Capacity
20
Reliability
15
Cost-Efficiency
25
Responsiveness / Cadence
10
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
15
Precision
10
Technology
20
Strategic Value
30
Human-Rating
0
Origin United States
CategoryMilitary Space Launch Vehicles
EraEarly Cold War
In service1957–1959
Operators1 countries
Quantity11
Data Quality84%
15
Military Space Launch Vehicles MASS Rating
45/53
Early Cold War
274/296
All-Time
Military Space Launch Vehicles · 10 axes scored
Payload Capacity
20
Reliability
15
Cost-Efficiency
25
Responsiveness / Cadence
10
Reusability
0
Orbit Versatility
15
Precision
10
Technology
20
Strategic Value
30
Human-Rating
0
ⓘ Regardless of era, the same scoring system applies to all units in the military space launch vehicles category.
01 / Overview
Vanguard
Production
1957–1959
Quantity
11
Operators
💰 PERFORMANCE / PRICE ASSESSMENT Methodology ↗
MILITARY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES · EARLY COLD WAR
45
PERFORMANCE/PRICE
20
UNIT COST (2025 USD)
—
15
military space launch vehicles category
ⓘ Performance/Price and MASS score are computed across all units in the military space launch vehicles category, regardless of era.
02 / Specs & Design
◎General6MOD.6
  • Vehicle TypeSatellite launch vehicle
  • First Flight1957
  • ManufacturerGlenn L. Martin Company
  • Stages3
  • StatusRetired
  • In ServiceNo
◈Performance6MOD.6
  • Payload to LEO11.3 kg
  • Liftoff Thrust125
  • Liftoff Mass10.05 t
  • Height21.9 m
  • Diameter1.14 m
  • Success Rate3
▣Propulsion5MOD.5
  • First-Stage PropellantLOX / Kerosene (RP-1)
  • First-Stage Engines1
  • ReusableNo
  • Human-RatedNo
  • Total Launches11
03 / History
SERVICE LIFESPANRetired
  1. 1957Production started
  2. 1959Production ended
  3. 1999Entered service
69
years in service
2
years in production
11
units produced
0
countries operating
ⓘ The producing country no longer actively operates it. 1 countries retired it.
04 / Operators
Operator Countries1country
📚 Sources
📖 ENCYCLOPEDIA Browse the Military Space Launch Vehicles entry →