Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot: a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition.

Active Protection System. A defensive system that detects and intercepts anti-tank threats.

Automated loading system for tank guns, reducing crew workload.

Armour made from multiple materials, such as metals and ceramics, to increase effectiveness.

A type of internal combustion engine that generates power using a turbine driven by gas expansion.

Hydromechanical transmission combines hydraulic fluid power with mechanical gear components to transmit engine power to a tank's tracks.

A main battle tank is a heavily armored vehicle with a large caliber gun, used for front-line combat.

A smoothbore gun is a firearm with an unrifled barrel, allowing projectiles to travel without spin; it is commonly used in modern tank main guns for firing fin‑stabilized ammunition.

A torsion bar is a steel rod that resists twisting and serves as a spring in tank suspensions, with one end fixed to the hull and the other connected to a lever arm moving the road wheel.