Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot: a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition.

Active Protection System. A defensive system that detects and intercepts anti-tank threats.

Armour made from multiple materials, such as metals and ceramics, to increase effectiveness.

Computerised Advanced: a tank fire‑control system generation that uses digital computers to calculate ballistic solutions and integrate sensor data for enhanced targeting accuracy.

Type of internal combustion engine fuel, refined from crude oil.

A main battle tank is a heavily armored vehicle with a large caliber gun, used for front-line combat.

Manual: a tank transmission in which the driver selects gear changes manually, typically using a clutch pedal and gear lever to engage gears.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for tank crews.

Enhanced low-light visibility through specialized optics or sensors.

Handheld or vehicle-mounted devices that release dense smoke to obscure vision, conceal movements, or screen friendly forces from enemy observation.

A smoothbore gun is a firearm with an unrifled barrel, allowing projectiles to travel without spin; it is commonly used in modern tank main guns for firing fin‑stabilized ammunition.

Thermal sights are infrared imaging devices mounted on a tank's gunner station that detect heat emitted by objects, enabling target identification and aiming in low‑visibility conditions.

A torsion bar is a steel rod that resists twisting and serves as a spring in tank suspensions, with one end fixed to the hull and the other connected to a lever arm moving the road wheel.