Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot: a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition.

Active Protection System. A defensive system that detects and intercepts anti-tank threats.

Anti-Tank Guided Missile: a missile designed to destroy tanks.

Automated loading system for tank guns, reducing crew workload.

A Battle Management System (BMS) is a command‑and‑control software suite that gathers, processes, and shares battlefield data to provide situational awareness and coordinate the actions of military units.

Computerised Advanced: a tank fire‑control system generation that uses digital computers to calculate ballistic solutions and integrate sensor data for enhanced targeting accuracy.

Type of internal combustion engine fuel, refined from crude oil.

A front-mounted armored plate on a tank, primarily used for clearing obstacles, creating cover, or breaching fortifications.

Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA): Modular armor system that detonates upon impact to disrupt incoming warheads, reducing penetration of shaped charges and kinetic energy projectiles.

A fully automatic tank transmission shifts gears without driver intervention, using hydraulic or electronic controls to select appropriate gear ratios based on engine speed and vehicle load.

High-Explosive Fragmentation: ammunition that explodes on impact, releasing fragments.

High-Explosive Anti-Tank: a type of projectile that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armor.

Optical device that uses laser pulses to measure the distance to a target with high precision.

A main battle tank is a heavily armored vehicle with a large caliber gun, used for front-line combat.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for tank crews.

Enhanced low-light visibility through specialized optics or sensors.

Reactive composite armor is a tank armor type that combines layers of composite material with embedded reactive elements that detonate on impact to disrupt incoming projectiles.

Handheld or vehicle-mounted devices that release dense smoke to obscure vision, conceal movements, or screen friendly forces from enemy observation.

A smoothbore gun is a firearm with an unrifled barrel, allowing projectiles to travel without spin; it is commonly used in modern tank main guns for firing fin‑stabilized ammunition.

Thermal sights are infrared imaging devices mounted on a tank's gunner station that detect heat emitted by objects, enabling target identification and aiming in low‑visibility conditions.

A torsion bar is a steel rod that resists twisting and serves as a spring in tank suspensions, with one end fixed to the hull and the other connected to a lever arm moving the road wheel.