Automated loading system for tank guns, reducing crew workload.

High-Explosive Fragmentation: ammunition that explodes on impact, releasing fragments.

High-Explosive Anti-Tank: a type of projectile that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armor.

Hydropneumatic suspension employs hydraulic fluid and compressed gas in sealed chambers to provide variable damping and ride height, allowing tanks to adjust ground clearance and improve cross‑country mobility.

A tank with reduced armor and weight for increased mobility.

Manual: a tank transmission in which the driver selects gear changes manually, typically using a clutch pedal and gear lever to engage gears.

A fire control system relying on optical sights and manual input for aiming and range estimation without computer assistance.

A refined product derived from crude oil, used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. A volatile, flammable liquid mixture of hydrocarbons.

A rifled gun has spiral grooves cut into its barrel.

Armour made from steel plates joined by rivets.

Handheld or vehicle-mounted devices that release dense smoke to obscure vision, conceal movements, or screen friendly forces from enemy observation.