A fully automatic tank transmission shifts gears without driver intervention, using hydraulic or electronic controls to select appropriate gear ratios based on engine speed and vehicle load.

High-Explosive Fragmentation: ammunition that explodes on impact, releasing fragments.

High-Explosive Anti-Tank: a type of projectile that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armor.

A fire control system relying on optical sights and manual input for aiming and range estimation without computer assistance.

A refined product derived from crude oil, used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. A volatile, flammable liquid mixture of hydrocarbons.

A rifled gun has spiral grooves cut into its barrel.

A tank with extremely heavy armor and armament, typically over 60 tons.

Unsprung: a suspension configuration in which a vehicle’s wheels or road wheels are mounted directly to the hull or chassis without springs, dampers, or other elastic elements, resulting in a rigid, non‑suspended ride.

Armour made by welding and rolling homogeneous steel plates.