Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot: a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition.

A Battle Management System (BMS) is a command‑and‑control software suite that gathers, processes, and shares battlefield data to provide situational awareness and coordinate the actions of military units.

Armour made from multiple materials, such as metals and ceramics, to increase effectiveness.

Computerised Advanced: a tank fire‑control system generation that uses digital computers to calculate ballistic solutions and integrate sensor data for enhanced targeting accuracy.

A front-mounted armored plate on a tank, primarily used for clearing obstacles, creating cover, or breaching fortifications.

A fully automatic tank transmission shifts gears without driver intervention, using hydraulic or electronic controls to select appropriate gear ratios based on engine speed and vehicle load.

High-Explosive Fragmentation: ammunition that explodes on impact, releasing fragments.

High-Explosive Anti-Tank: a type of projectile that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armor.

Optical device that uses laser pulses to measure the distance to a target with high precision.

A main battle tank is a heavily armored vehicle with a large caliber gun, used for front-line combat.

A mine plough is a device attached to a tank to clear mines from its path.

Multifuel: a fuel type designation for tanks whose engines can operate on several fuel varieties (e.g., gasoline, diesel, jet fuel) without modification.

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection for tank crews.

Enhanced low-light visibility through specialized optics or sensors.

Handheld or vehicle-mounted devices that release dense smoke to obscure vision, conceal movements, or screen friendly forces from enemy observation.

A smoothbore gun is a firearm with an unrifled barrel, allowing projectiles to travel without spin; it is commonly used in modern tank main guns for firing fin‑stabilized ammunition.

Thermal sights are infrared imaging devices mounted on a tank's gunner station that detect heat emitted by objects, enabling target identification and aiming in low‑visibility conditions.

A torsion bar is a steel rod that resists twisting and serves as a spring in tank suspensions, with one end fixed to the hull and the other connected to a lever arm moving the road wheel.