Armour made from multiple materials, such as metals and ceramics, to increase effectiveness.

Computerised Advanced: a tank fire‑control system generation that uses digital computers to calculate ballistic solutions and integrate sensor data for enhanced targeting accuracy.

Type of internal combustion engine fuel, refined from crude oil.

A fully automatic tank transmission shifts gears without driver intervention, using hydraulic or electronic controls to select appropriate gear ratios based on engine speed and vehicle load.

Hydropneumatic suspension employs hydraulic fluid and compressed gas in sealed chambers to provide variable damping and ride height, allowing tanks to adjust ground clearance and improve cross‑country mobility.

A main battle tank is a heavily armored vehicle with a large caliber gun, used for front-line combat.

A rifled gun has spiral grooves cut into its barrel.