High-Explosive Fragmentation: ammunition that explodes on impact, releasing fragments.

High-Explosive Anti-Tank: a type of projectile that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armor.

A fire control system relying on optical sights and manual input for aiming and range estimation without computer assistance.

A tank with medium weight and armor, balancing mobility and firepower.

Enhanced low-light visibility through specialized optics or sensors.

A refined product derived from crude oil, used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. A volatile, flammable liquid mixture of hydrocarbons.

A rifled gun has spiral grooves cut into its barrel.

A semi‑automatic transmission in a tank automatically shifts gears using hydraulic or mechanical mechanisms while the driver selects gear positions, reducing manual clutch operation.

A torsion bar is a steel rod that resists twisting and serves as a spring in tank suspensions, with one end fixed to the hull and the other connected to a lever arm moving the road wheel.

Armour made by welding and rolling homogeneous steel plates.